Exploring Avifaunal Diversity and Distribution along The Bicol River: A Literature Review

Abstract

The Bicol River is a vital ecological corridor in Southern Luzon, supporting a diverse array of bird species. This review synthesizes contemporary studies (2000–2024) on avifaunal diversity, species distribution patterns, conservation status, and habitat-related threats in the riverine ecosystem. More than 150 bird species are documented along the Bicol River, including several Philippine endemics and globally threatened species. These species face growing threats from agricultural expansion, pollution, and climatic variability. The review uses a systematic literature framework to map species distributions, determine habitat requirements, and assess disturbance effects. A conceptual framework illustrates the interrelationships among species diversity, habitat quality, and conservation requirements. The results underscore the importance of habitat restoration, community-based conservation, and climate-resilient measures. This review offers valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and local stakeholders involved in preserving the ecological integrity of the Bicol River basin. Through a thematic synthesis of 40 key studies, the review identifies urgent conservation needs in forested and wetland zones. Findings highlight the Bicol River's crucial role as a sanctuary for endemic and threatened species.